Lesson Learned from Hydropower Sector of Nepal & India (Role of Engineering Geologist in Hydropower Sector)

Abstract

The growing global demand for electric power, particularly in Nepal and India, has accelerated the development of hydropower projects, benefiting from abundant water resources and suitable terrain. However, many projects in the Himalayas face significant challenges due to unforeseen geological conditions, leading to delays and cost overruns. Drawing on over 40 years of experience in the sector, the author highlights key engineering geological aspects crucial to the planning, investigation, and construction of hydropower projects. Topics include site selection, the choice between surface and underground structures, geological baseline reports (GBR), and geotechnical instrumentation. Through case studies, the author underscores the importance of early-stage geological investigations, proper data collection, and monitoring to avoid costly project failures. The lessons learned provide valuable insights for young engineering geologists and engineers, contributing to the successful and sustainable development of hydropower projects.