Advancements in Tunnelling: The Role of Engineering Geology in Design and Construction over the Last 30 Years
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64862/Keywords:
Tunneling, Rock mass classification, Behavior-based design, Tunnel support systems, Artificial intelligenceAbstract
Over the past three decades, tunneling has advanced significantly through integration of engineering geology into design and construction. Modern practices emphasize understanding critical failure mechanisms rather than relying solely on classification systems. Developments in geological investigation, rock mass classification (RMR, Q-system, GSI, Hoek–Brown), numerical modelling, and behavior-based approaches, including the Tunnel Behavior Chart and GCBS, have improved predictive assessments and support design. Case studies highlight the influence of structural anisotropy, stress conditions, and groundwater on tunnel behavior. Future integration of artificial intelligence promises real-time adaptive design, optimizing support systems and enhancing safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in complex underground construction.
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