Geological Structure Exploration of the Blocked Dam in Xinjiang Tianchi and Its Lithological-Structural Water-Blocking Effect

Abstract

Tianchi Lake in the Tianshan Mountains exhibits complex geological processes, including moraine formation, collapses, and landslides. Although previous studies have identified general causes, the locations and formation mechanisms of older collapses and landslides controlled by the accumulation dam and regional faults remain unclear. This study integrates field surveys, drilling data, high-density electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), optical luminescence dating, hydrochemical analysis, and remote sensing to investigate the structural framework, hydrogeology, and stability of the Tianchi accumulation dam. Results reveal the dam’s internal stratigraphy, groundwater pathways, and fault-controlled hydrodynamics, providing insights into Holocene landslide development and guiding dam stability and protection strategies.