An Integrated Assessment of Liquefaction Susceptibility in Reclaimed Ground Overlying Soft Coastal Soils Using Multiple In-Situ Penetration Tests

Abstract

This study investigates liquefaction potential in reclaimed coastal grounds underlain by soft alluvial soils through an integrated geotechnical approach. Due to low shear strength and high compressibility, these soils present serious stability risks during seismic events. Traditional methods, which rely on single-test data, may overlook complex subsurface conditions. Therefore, a combination of SPT, CPTu, Seismic Downhole (shear wave velocity, Vs), and pressure meter (PMT) tests were utilized to comprehensively evaluate the liquefaction risk. Factor of Safety (FS) and Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) maps were developed, and ground improvement techniques like PVD-aided surcharge, dynamic compaction, and deep mixing were also assessed. The integrated method improves accuracy in liquefaction prediction and informs coastal infrastructure planning in seismically active zones.